{"slug":"anumati-s-distinction-accepting-terms-isn-t-the-same-as-following-them","citations":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.16524","committed_hash":"sha256:401bd54ed559d2294872462235ba7d850058d19f2b4534f0f217862d29e9c7a9","committed_hash_short":"sha256:401bd54e…29e9c7a9","mime_type":"text/html","committed_at":"2026-09-20T05:00:26.081466+00:00","content_snapshot":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n\n<head><script>document.documentElement.classList.add('js');</script>  <title>[2604.16524] Anumati: Proof of Adherence as a Formal Consent Model for Autonomous Agent Protocols</title>\n  <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\">\n  <link rel=\"apple-touch-icon\" sizes=\"180x180\" href=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/apple-touch-icon.png\">\n  <link rel=\"icon\" type=\"image/png\" sizes=\"32x32\" href=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/favicon-32x32.png\">\n  <link rel=\"icon\" type=\"image/png\" sizes=\"16x16\" href=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/favicon-16x16.png\">\n  <link rel=\"manifest\" href=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/site.webmanifest\">\n  <link rel=\"mask-icon\" href=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg\" color=\"#5bbad5\">\n  <meta name=\"msapplication-TileColor\" content=\"#da532c\">\n  <meta name=\"theme-color\" content=\"#ffffff\">\n  <link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" media=\"screen\" href=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/css/arXiv.css?v=20260318\" />\n  <link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" media=\"print\" href=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/css/arXiv-print.css?v=20200611\" />\n  <link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" media=\"screen\" href=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/css/browse_search.css\" />\n  <link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" media=\"screen\" href=\"/static/base/1.0.1/css/arxiv-header-footer.css?v=20260626\" />\n  <script language=\"javascript\" src=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/js/accordion.js\" ></script>\n  <script language=\"javascript\" src=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/js/optin-modal.js?v=20250819\"></script>\n  \n  <link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.16524\"/>\n  <meta name=\"description\" content=\"Abstract page for arXiv paper 2604.16524: Anumati: Proof of Adherence as a Formal Consent Model for Autonomous Agent Protocols\"><meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"website\" />\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"arXiv.org\" />\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Anumati: Proof of Adherence as a Formal Consent Model for Autonomous Agent Protocols\" />\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.16524v1\" />\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/images/arxiv-logo-fb.png\" />\n<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/images/arxiv-logo-fb.png\" />\n<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" />\n<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"700\" />\n<meta property=\"og:image:alt\" content=\"arXiv logo\"/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"As autonomous AI agents increasingly call other agents to complete tasks on behalf of a human principal, a structural accountability gap has emerged: the calling agent accepts the terms of service of the callee without any protocol-level mechanism to prove that it understood those terms or that it subsequently honoured them. Authentication protocols such as OAuth and mutual TLS establish who may call which capability. They do not address under what conditions a permitted call may be made, and those conditions change as the callee&#39;s policies evolve. In this paper we formalise the distinction between proof of acceptance (a timestamped acknowledgement) and proof of adherence (a per-action reasoning record citing the specific clause evaluated). We propose three primitives (PolicyDocument, ConsentRecord, and AdherenceEvent) that together constitute a versioned, append-only consent model for agent-to-agent communication. The model is instantiated as a non-breaking extension to two widely used agent protocols: the Agent2Agent (A2A) protocol and the Model Context Protocol (MCP). 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Authentication protocols such as OAuth and mutual TLS establish who may call which capability. They do not address under what conditions a permitted call may be made, and those conditions change as the callee&#39;s policies evolve. In this paper we formalise the distinction between proof of acceptance (a timestamped acknowledgement) and proof of adherence (a per-action reasoning record citing the specific clause evaluated). We propose three primitives (PolicyDocument, ConsentRecord, and AdherenceEvent) that together constitute a versioned, append-only consent model for agent-to-agent communication. The model is instantiated as a non-breaking extension to two widely used agent protocols: the Agent2Agent (A2A) protocol and the Model Context Protocol (MCP). A TLA+ specification of the consent lifecycle, together with a reference Python implementation of the chain integrity and adherence trail validators, is available in the accompanying repository.\" />\n</head>\n\n<body ><div class=\"flex-wrap-footer\">\n    <a href=\"#content\" class=\"ds-skip-link\">Skip to main content</a>\n  \n  \n  \n<header class=\"ds-site-header\">\n  <a aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https://arxiv.org/IgnoreMe\" class=\"is-sr-only\"></a>\n\n  <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/\" class=\"ds-site-header-logo\" aria-label=\"archive home\">\n    <img src=\"/static/base/1.0.1/images/arxiv-logo-primary-light.svg\" alt=\"archive\">\n  </a>\n\n  <button type=\"button\" id=\"ds-nav-toggle\" class=\"ds-site-header-nav-toggle\"\n    aria-label=\"Open menu\" aria-controls=\"ds-site-header-nav\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\">\n      <line x1=\"3\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"21\" y2=\"6\"/>\n      <line x1=\"3\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"21\" y2=\"12\"/>\n      <line x1=\"3\" y1=\"18\" x2=\"21\" y2=\"18\"/>\n    </svg>\n  </button>\n\n  <nav class=\"ds-site-header-nav\" id=\"ds-site-header-nav\" aria-label=\"Main navigation\"><a id=\"arxiv-search-toggle\" href=\"https://arxiv.org/search\"\n      aria-controls=\"arxiv-search-overlay\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n      <svg class=\"ds-nav-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\">\n        <circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"8\"/>\n        <line x1=\"21\" y1=\"21\" x2=\"16.65\" y2=\"16.65\"/>\n      </svg>\n      Search\n    </a>\n    <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/user/create\">Submit</a>\n    <a href=\"https://info.arxiv.org/about/donate.html\">Donate</a>\n    <span class=\"ds-site-header-divider\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></span>\n      <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/login\" class=\"ds-site-header-login\">Log in</a>\n  </nav>\n</header>\n\n<div class=\"arxiv-search-overlay\" id=\"arxiv-search-overlay\" hidden>\n  <div class=\"arxiv-search-panel\" role=\"search\">\n    <form method=\"GET\" action=\"https://arxiv.org/search\">\n      <label for=\"arxiv-search-input\" class=\"is-sr-only\">Search arXiv</label>\n      <input type=\"text\" name=\"query\" id=\"arxiv-search-input\" autocomplete=\"off\"\n        placeholder=\"Search papers by title, author, abstract, or ID...\">\n      <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"searchtype\" value=\"all\">\n      <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"source\" value=\"header\">\n    </form>\n    <div class=\"arxiv-search-hint\">\n      Press Enter to search &middot; 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Authentication protocols such as OAuth and mutual TLS establish who may call which capability. They do not address under what conditions a permitted call may be made, and those conditions change as the callee&#39;s policies evolve. In this paper we formalise the distinction between proof of acceptance (a timestamped acknowledgement) and proof of adherence (a per-action reasoning record citing the specific clause evaluated). We propose three primitives (PolicyDocument, ConsentRecord, and AdherenceEvent) that together constitute a versioned, append-only consent model for agent-to-agent communication. The model is instantiated as a non-breaking extension to two widely used agent protocols: the Agent2Agent (A2A) protocol and the Model Context Protocol (MCP). A TLA+ specification of the consent lifecycle, together with a reference Python implementation of the chain integrity and adherence trail validators, is available in the accompanying repository.\n    </blockquote>\n\n    <!--CONTEXT-->\n    <div class=\"metatable\">\n      <table summary=\"Additional metadata\">        <tr>\n          <td class=\"tablecell label\">Comments:</td>\n          <td class=\"tablecell comments mathjax\">25 pages, 5 figures</td>\n        </tr>\n<tr>\n          <td class=\"tablecell label\">Subjects:</td>\n          <td class=\"tablecell subjects\">\n            <span class=\"primary-subject\">Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)</span></td>\n        </tr>        <tr>\n          <td class=\"tablecell label\"><abbr title=\"Association of Computing Machinery Classification\">ACM</abbr>&nbsp;classes:</td>\n          <td class=\"tablecell acm-classes\">D.4.6; C.2.0; D.2.4</td>\n        </tr>\n<tr>\n          <td class=\"tablecell label\">Cite as:</td>\n          <td class=\"tablecell arxivid\"><span class=\"arxivid\"><a href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.16524\">arXiv:2604.16524</a> [cs.CR]</span></td>\n        </tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td class=\"tablecell label\">&nbsp;</td>\n          <td class=\"tablecell arxividv\">(or <span class=\"arxivid\">\n              <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2604.16524v1\">arXiv:2604.16524v1</a> [cs.CR]</span> for this version)\n          </td>\n        </tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td class=\"tablecell label\">&nbsp;</td>\n          <td class=\"tablecell arxivdoi\">              <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.16524\"  id=\"arxiv-doi-link\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2604.16524</a><div class=\"button-and-tooltip\">\n              <button class=\"more-info\" aria-describedby=\"more-info-desc-1\">\n                <svg height=\"15\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M256 8C119.043 8 8 119.083 8 256c0 136.997 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Toggle</span>\n            </label>\n          </div>\n          <div class=\"column lab-name\">\n            <span id=\"label-for-scite\">scite Smart Citations</span> <em>(<a href=\"https://www.scite.ai/\" target=\"_blank\">What are Smart Citations?</a>)</em>\n          </div>\n        </div>\n      </div>\n        <div class=\"labs-content-placeholder labs-display\" style=\"display: none;\"></div>\n        <div style=\"min-height: 15px\" id=\"connectedpapers-output\"></div>\n        <div style=\"min-height: 15px\" id=\"litmaps-open-in\"></div>\n        <div style=\"min-height: 15px\" id=\"scite-open-in\"></div>\n    </div>\n\n\n    <input type=\"radio\" name=\"tabs\" id=\"tabtwo\" class=\"labs-tab-input\">\n    <label for=\"tabtwo\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tabpanel-two\" id=\"tab-label-two\">Code, Data, Media</label>\n    <div class=\"tab\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"tabpanel-two\" aria-labelledby=\"tab-label-two\">\n      <h1>Code, Data and Media Associated with this Article</h1>\n      <div class=\"toggle\">\n        <div class=\"columns is-mobile lab-row\">\n          <div class=\"column lab-switch\">\n            <label class=\"switch\">\n              <input\n                id=\"alphaxiv-toggle\"\n                data-script-url=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/js/alphaxiv.js\"\n                type=\"checkbox\" class=\"lab-toggle\" aria-labelledby=\"label-for-alphaxiv\">\n              <span class=\"slider\"></span>\n              <span class=\"is-sr-only\">alphaXiv Toggle</span>\n            </label>\n          </div>\n          <div class=\"column lab-name\">\n            <span id=\"label-for-alphaxiv\">alphaXiv</span> <em>(<a href=\"https://alphaxiv.org/\" target=\"_blank\">What is alphaXiv?</a>)</em>\n          </div>\n        </div>\n\n        <div class=\"columns is-mobile lab-row\">\n          <div class=\"column lab-switch\">\n            <label class=\"switch\">\n              <input        \n                id=\"catalyzex-toggle\"\n                data-script-url=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/js/catalyzex.js\"\n                type=\"checkbox\" class=\"lab-toggle\" aria-labelledby=\"label-for-cx\">\n              <span class=\"slider\"></span>\n              <span class=\"is-sr-only\">Links to Code Toggle</span>\n            </label>\n          </div>\n          <div class=\"column lab-name\">\n            <span id=\"label-for-cx\">CatalyzeX Code Finder for Papers</span> <em>(<a href=\"https://www.catalyzex.com\" target=\"_blank\">What is CatalyzeX?</a>)</em>\n          </div>\n        </div>\n\n        <div class=\"columns is-mobile lab-row\">\n          <div class=\"column lab-switch\">\n            <label class=\"switch\">\n              <input\n                id=\"dagshub-toggle\"\n                data-script-url=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/js/dagshub.js\"\n                type=\"checkbox\" class=\"lab-toggle\" aria-labelledby=\"label-for-dagshub\">\n              <span class=\"slider\"></span>\n              <span class=\"is-sr-only\">DagsHub Toggle</span>\n            </label>\n          </div>\n          <div class=\"column lab-name\">\n            <span id=\"label-for-dagshub\">DagsHub</span> <em>(<a href=\"https://dagshub.com/\" target=\"_blank\">What is DagsHub?</a>)</em>\n          </div>\n        </div>\n  \n        <div class=\"columns is-mobile lab-row\">\n          <div class=\"column lab-switch\">\n            <label class=\"switch\">\n              <input\n                id=\"gotitpub-toggle\"\n                data-script-url=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/js/gotitpub.js\"\n                type=\"checkbox\" class=\"lab-toggle\" aria-labelledby=\"label-for-gotitpub\">\n              <span class=\"slider\"></span>\n              <span class=\"is-sr-only\">GotitPub Toggle</span>\n            </label>\n          </div>\n          <div class=\"column lab-name\">\n            <span id=\"label-for-gotitpub\">Gotit.pub</span> <em>(<a href=\"http://gotit.pub/faq\" target=\"_blank\">What is GotitPub?</a>)</em>\n          </div>\n        </div>\n\n        <div class=\"columns is-mobile lab-row\">\n          <div class=\"column lab-switch\">\n            <label class=\"switch\">\n              <input\n                id=\"huggingface-toggle\"\n                data-script-url=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/js/huggingface.js\"\n                type=\"checkbox\" class=\"lab-toggle\" aria-labelledby=\"label-for-huggingface\">\n              <span class=\"slider\"></span>\n              <span class=\"is-sr-only\">Huggingface Toggle</span>\n            </label>\n          </div>\n          <div class=\"column lab-name\">\n            <span id=\"label-for-huggingface\">Hugging Face</span> <em>(<a href=\"https://huggingface.co/huggingface\" target=\"_blank\">What is Huggingface?</a>)</em>\n          </div>\n        </div>\n\n        <div class=\"columns is-mobile lab-row\">\n          <div class=\"column lab-switch\">\n            <label class=\"switch\">\n              <input\n            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id=\"tabfour\" class=\"labs-tab-input\">\n      <label for=\"tabfour\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tabpanel-four\" id=\"tab-label-four\">Related Papers</label>\n      <div class=\"tab\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"tabpanel-four\" aria-labelledby=\"tab-label-four\">\n        <h1>Recommenders and Search Tools</h1>\n        <div class=\"toggle\">\n          <div class=\"columns is-mobile lab-row\">\n            <div class=\"column lab-switch\">\n              <label class=\"switch\">\n                <input id=\"influenceflower-toggle\"\n                data-script-url=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/js/influenceflower.js\"\n                type=\"checkbox\" class=\"lab-toggle\" aria-labelledby=\"label-for-influenceflower\">\n                <span class=\"slider\"></span>\n                <span class=\"is-sr-only\">Link to Influence Flower</span>\n              </label>\n            </div>\n            <div class=\"column lab-name\">\n              <span id=\"label-for-influenceflower\">Influence Flower</span> <em>(<a href=\"https://influencemap.cmlab.dev/\" target=\"_blank\">What are Influence Flowers?</a>)</em>\n            </div>\n          </div>\n          <div class=\"columns is-mobile lab-row\">\n            <div class=\"column lab-switch\">\n              <label class=\"switch\">\n                <input id=\"core-recommender-toggle\" type=\"checkbox\" class=\"lab-toggle\" aria-labelledby=\"label-for-core\">\n                <span class=\"slider\"></span>\n                <span class=\"is-sr-only\">Core recommender toggle</span>\n              </label>\n            </div>\n            <div class=\"column lab-name\">\n              <span id=\"label-for-core\">CORE Recommender</span> <em>(<a href=\"https://core.ac.uk/services/recommender\">What is CORE?</a>)</em>\n            </div>\n          </div></div>\n        <div id=\"influenceflower-output\"></div>\n        <div id=\"influenceflower-output-graph\" style=\"display:none\">\n          <ul class=\"flower-tabs\">\n            <li class=\"active\"><a class=\"btn tab-btn\" onclick=\"openTab(event, 'tab-author')\">Author</a></li>\n            <li><a class=\"btn tab-btn\" onclick=\"openTab(event, 'tab-venue')\">Venue</a></li>\n            <li><a class=\"btn tab-btn\" onclick=\"openTab(event, 'tab-inst')\">Institution</a></li>\n            <li><a class=\"btn tab-btn\" onclick=\"openTab(event, 'tab-topic')\">Topic</a></li>\n          </ul>\n          <div class=\"flower-tab-content\">\n            <div class=\"tab-flower active\" id=\"tab-author\"><svg id=\"flower-graph-author\"></svg></div>\n            <div class=\"tab-flower\" id=\"tab-venue\"><svg id=\"flower-graph-venue\"></svg></div>\n            <div class=\"tab-flower\" id=\"tab-inst\"><svg id=\"flower-graph-inst\"></svg></div>\n            <div class=\"tab-flower\" id=\"tab-topic\"><svg id=\"flower-graph-topic\"></svg></div>\n          </div>\n        </div>\n        <div id=\"coreRecommenderOutput\"></div>\n        <div id=\"iarxivOutput\"></div>\n      </div>\n\n      <input type=\"radio\" name=\"tabs\" id=\"tabfive\" class=\"labs-tab-input\">\n      <label for=\"tabfive\" role=\"tab\" aria-selected=\"false\" aria-controls=\"tabpanel-five\" id=\"tab-label-five\">\n        About arXivLabs\n      </label>\n      <div class=\"tab\" role=\"tabpanel\" id=\"tabpanel-five\" aria-labelledby=\"tab-label-five\">\n        <div class=\"columns\">\n          <div class=\"column\">\n            <h1>arXivLabs: experimental projects with community collaborators</h1>\n            <p>arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website.</p>\n            <p>Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them.</p>\n          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