{"slug":"why-oauth-wasn-t-built-for-what-agents-do-to-each-other","citations":[{"url":"https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.19301","committed_hash":"sha256:46527dae39310be013a9fab589cba9dd9d4185a6ec6d574f782a4d4a522fecb4","committed_hash_short":"sha256:46527dae…522fecb4","mime_type":"text/html","committed_at":"2026-09-05T08:00:26.963771+00:00","content_snapshot":"<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n\n<head><script>document.documentElement.classList.add('js');</script>  <title>[2505.19301] A Novel Zero-Trust Identity Framework for Agentic AI: Decentralized Authentication and Fine-Grained Access Control</title>\n  <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\">\n  <link rel=\"apple-touch-icon\" sizes=\"180x180\" href=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/apple-touch-icon.png\">\n  <link rel=\"icon\" type=\"image/png\" sizes=\"32x32\" href=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/favicon-32x32.png\">\n  <link rel=\"icon\" type=\"image/png\" sizes=\"16x16\" href=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/favicon-16x16.png\">\n  <link rel=\"manifest\" href=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/site.webmanifest\">\n  <link rel=\"mask-icon\" href=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg\" color=\"#5bbad5\">\n  <meta name=\"msapplication-TileColor\" content=\"#da532c\">\n  <meta name=\"theme-color\" content=\"#ffffff\">\n  <link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" media=\"screen\" href=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/css/arXiv.css?v=20260318\" />\n  <link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" media=\"print\" href=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/css/arXiv-print.css?v=20200611\" />\n  <link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" media=\"screen\" href=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/css/browse_search.css\" />\n  <link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" media=\"screen\" href=\"/static/base/1.0.1/css/arxiv-header-footer.css?v=20260626\" />\n  <script language=\"javascript\" src=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/js/accordion.js\" ></script>\n  <script language=\"javascript\" src=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/js/optin-modal.js?v=20250819\"></script>\n  \n  <link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.19301\"/>\n  <meta name=\"description\" content=\"Abstract page for arXiv paper 2505.19301: A Novel Zero-Trust Identity Framework for Agentic AI: Decentralized Authentication and Fine-Grained Access Control\"><meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"website\" />\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"arXiv.org\" />\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Novel Zero-Trust Identity Framework for Agentic AI: Decentralized Authentication and Fine-Grained Access Control\" />\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.19301v2\" />\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/images/arxiv-logo-fb.png\" />\n<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/images/arxiv-logo-fb.png\" />\n<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" />\n<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"700\" />\n<meta property=\"og:image:alt\" content=\"arXiv logo\"/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Traditional Identity and Access Management (IAM) systems, primarily designed for human users or static machine identities via protocols such as OAuth, OpenID Connect (OIDC), and SAML, prove fundamentally inadequate for the dynamic, interdependent, and often ephemeral nature of AI agents operating at scale within Multi Agent Systems (MAS), a computational system composed of multiple interacting intelligent agents that work collectively.\n  This paper posits the imperative for a novel Agentic AI IAM framework: We deconstruct the limitations of existing protocols when applied to MAS, illustrating with concrete examples why their coarse-grained controls, single-entity focus, and lack of context-awareness falter. We then propose a comprehensive framework built upon rich, verifiable Agent Identities (IDs), leveraging Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) and Verifiable Credentials (VCs), that encapsulate an agents capabilities, provenance, behavioral scope, and security posture.\n  Our framework includes an Agent Naming Service (ANS) for secure and capability-aware discovery, dynamic fine-grained access control mechanisms, and critically, a unified global session management and policy enforcement layer for real-time control and consistent revocation across heterogeneous agent communication protocols. We also explore how Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) enable privacy-preserving attribute disclosure and verifiable policy compliance.\n  We outline the architecture, operational lifecycle, innovative contributions, and security considerations of this new IAM paradigm, aiming to establish the foundational trust, accountability, and security necessary for the burgeoning field of agentic AI and the complex ecosystems they will inhabit.\"/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@arxiv\"/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\"/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"A Novel Zero-Trust Identity Framework for Agentic AI:...\"/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Traditional Identity and Access Management (IAM) systems, primarily designed for human users or static machine identities via protocols such as OAuth, OpenID Connect (OIDC), and SAML, prove...\"/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image\" content=\"https://static.arxiv.org/icons/twitter/arxiv-logo-twitter-square.png\"/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:image:alt\" content=\"arXiv logo\"/>\n  <link rel=\"stylesheet\" media=\"screen\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/css/tooltip.css\"/><link rel=\"stylesheet\" media=\"screen\" type=\"text/css\" href=\"https://static.arxiv.org/js/bibex-dev/bibex.css?20200709\"/>  <script src=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/js/mathjaxToggle.min.js\" type=\"text/javascript\"></script>  <script src=\"//code.jquery.com/jquery-latest.min.js\" type=\"text/javascript\"></script>\n  <script src=\"//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/js-cookie@2/src/js.cookie.min.js\" type=\"text/javascript\"></script>\n  <script src=\"//cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/dompurify@2.3.5/dist/purify.min.js\"></script>\n  <script src=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/js/toggle-labs.js?20241022\" type=\"text/javascript\"></script>\n  <script src=\"/static/browse/0.3.4/js/cite.js\" type=\"text/javascript\"></script><meta name=\"citation_title\" content=\"A Novel Zero-Trust Identity Framework for Agentic AI: Decentralized Authentication and Fine-Grained Access Control\" /><meta name=\"citation_author\" content=\"Huang, Ken\" /><meta name=\"citation_author\" content=\"Narajala, Vineeth Sai\" /><meta name=\"citation_author\" content=\"Yeoh, John\" /><meta name=\"citation_author\" content=\"Ross, Jason\" /><meta name=\"citation_author\" content=\"Raskar, Ramesh\" /><meta name=\"citation_author\" content=\"Harkati, Youssef\" /><meta name=\"citation_author\" content=\"Huang, Jerry\" /><meta name=\"citation_author\" content=\"Habler, Idan\" /><meta name=\"citation_author\" content=\"Hughes, Chris\" /><meta name=\"citation_date\" content=\"2025/05/25\" /><meta name=\"citation_online_date\" content=\"2025/05/28\" /><meta name=\"citation_pdf_url\" content=\"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.19301\" /><meta name=\"citation_arxiv_id\" content=\"2505.19301\" /><meta name=\"citation_abstract\" content=\"Traditional Identity and Access Management (IAM) systems, primarily designed for human users or static machine identities via protocols such as OAuth, OpenID Connect (OIDC), and SAML, prove fundamentally inadequate for the dynamic, interdependent, and often ephemeral nature of AI agents operating at scale within Multi Agent Systems (MAS), a computational system composed of multiple interacting intelligent agents that work collectively. This paper posits the imperative for a novel Agentic AI IAM framework: We deconstruct the limitations of existing protocols when applied to MAS, illustrating with concrete examples why their coarse-grained controls, single-entity focus, and lack of context-awareness falter. We then propose a comprehensive framework built upon rich, verifiable Agent Identities (IDs), leveraging Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) and Verifiable Credentials (VCs), that encapsulate an agents capabilities, provenance, behavioral scope, and security posture. Our framework includes an Agent Naming Service (ANS) for secure and capability-aware discovery, dynamic fine-grained access control mechanisms, and critically, a unified global session management and policy enforcement layer for real-time control and consistent revocation across heterogeneous agent communication protocols. We also explore how Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) enable privacy-preserving attribute disclosure and verifiable policy compliance. We outline the architecture, operational lifecycle, innovative contributions, and security considerations of this new IAM paradigm, aiming to establish the foundational trust, accountability, and security necessary for the burgeoning field of agentic AI and the complex ecosystems they will inhabit.\" />\n</head>\n\n<body ><div class=\"flex-wrap-footer\">\n    <a href=\"#content\" class=\"ds-skip-link\">Skip to main content</a>\n  \n  \n  \n<header class=\"ds-site-header\">\n  <a aria-hidden=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\" href=\"https://arxiv.org/IgnoreMe\" class=\"is-sr-only\"></a>\n\n  <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/\" class=\"ds-site-header-logo\" aria-label=\"archive home\">\n    <img src=\"/static/base/1.0.1/images/arxiv-logo-primary-light.svg\" alt=\"archive\">\n  </a>\n\n  <button type=\"button\" id=\"ds-nav-toggle\" class=\"ds-site-header-nav-toggle\"\n    aria-label=\"Open menu\" aria-controls=\"ds-site-header-nav\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n    <svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\">\n      <line x1=\"3\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"21\" y2=\"6\"/>\n      <line x1=\"3\" y1=\"12\" x2=\"21\" y2=\"12\"/>\n      <line x1=\"3\" y1=\"18\" x2=\"21\" y2=\"18\"/>\n    </svg>\n  </button>\n\n  <nav class=\"ds-site-header-nav\" id=\"ds-site-header-nav\" aria-label=\"Main navigation\"><a id=\"arxiv-search-toggle\" href=\"https://arxiv.org/search\"\n      aria-controls=\"arxiv-search-overlay\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n      <svg class=\"ds-nav-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\">\n        <circle cx=\"11\" cy=\"11\" r=\"8\"/>\n        <line x1=\"21\" y1=\"21\" x2=\"16.65\" y2=\"16.65\"/>\n      </svg>\n      Search\n    </a>\n    <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/user/create\">Submit</a>\n    <a href=\"https://info.arxiv.org/about/donate.html\">Donate</a>\n    <span class=\"ds-site-header-divider\" aria-hidden=\"true\"></span>\n      <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/login\" class=\"ds-site-header-login\">Log in</a>\n  </nav>\n</header>\n\n<div class=\"arxiv-search-overlay\" id=\"arxiv-search-overlay\" hidden>\n  <div class=\"arxiv-search-panel\" role=\"search\">\n    <form method=\"GET\" action=\"https://arxiv.org/search\">\n      <label for=\"arxiv-search-input\" class=\"is-sr-only\">Search arXiv</label>\n      <input type=\"text\" name=\"query\" id=\"arxiv-search-input\" autocomplete=\"off\"\n        placeholder=\"Search papers by title, author, abstract, or ID...\">\n      <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"searchtype\" value=\"all\">\n      <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"source\" value=\"header\">\n    </form>\n    <div class=\"arxiv-search-hint\">\n      Press Enter to search &middot; 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We then propose a comprehensive framework built upon rich, verifiable Agent Identities (IDs), leveraging Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) and Verifiable Credentials (VCs), that encapsulate an agents capabilities, provenance, behavioral scope, and security posture.\n<br>Our framework includes an Agent Naming Service (ANS) for secure and capability-aware discovery, dynamic fine-grained access control mechanisms, and critically, a unified global session management and policy enforcement layer for real-time control and consistent revocation across heterogeneous agent communication protocols. We also explore how Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) enable privacy-preserving attribute disclosure and verifiable policy compliance.\n<br>We outline the architecture, operational lifecycle, innovative contributions, and security considerations of this new IAM paradigm, aiming to establish the foundational trust, accountability, and security necessary for the burgeoning field of agentic AI and the complex ecosystems they will inhabit.\n    </blockquote>\n\n    <!--CONTEXT-->\n    <div class=\"metatable\">\n      <table summary=\"Additional metadata\">        <tr>\n          <td class=\"tablecell label\">Comments:</td>\n          <td class=\"tablecell comments mathjax\">24 Pages, 5 figures, 2 tables, edit: added a missed Author</td>\n        </tr>\n<tr>\n          <td class=\"tablecell label\">Subjects:</td>\n          <td class=\"tablecell subjects\">\n            <span class=\"primary-subject\">Cryptography and Security (cs.CR)</span>; Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Multiagent Systems (cs.MA)</td>\n        </tr><tr>\n          <td class=\"tablecell label\">Cite as:</td>\n          <td class=\"tablecell arxivid\"><span class=\"arxivid\"><a href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.19301\">arXiv:2505.19301</a> [cs.CR]</span></td>\n        </tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td class=\"tablecell label\">&nbsp;</td>\n          <td class=\"tablecell arxividv\">(or <span class=\"arxivid\">\n              <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.19301v2\">arXiv:2505.19301v2</a> [cs.CR]</span> for this version)\n          </td>\n        </tr>\n        <tr>\n          <td class=\"tablecell label\">&nbsp;</td>\n          <td class=\"tablecell arxivdoi\">              <a href=\"https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.19301\"  id=\"arxiv-doi-link\">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2505.19301</a><div class=\"button-and-tooltip\">\n              <button class=\"more-info\" aria-describedby=\"more-info-desc-1\">\n                <svg height=\"15\" role=\"presentation\" 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From: Vineeth Sai Narajala [<a href=\"/show-email/d358fe70/2505.19301\" rel=\"nofollow\">view email</a>]      <br/>            <strong><a href=\"/abs/2505.19301v1\" rel=\"nofollow\">[v1]</a></strong>\n        Sun, 25 May 2025 20:21:55 UTC (2,732 KB)<br/>\n    <strong>[v2]</strong>\n        Wed, 28 May 2025 17:37:25 UTC (2,732 KB)<br/>\n</div>\n  </div>\n  <!--end leftcolumn-->\n<div class=\"extra-services\">    <div class=\"full-text\">\n      <a name=\"other\"></a>\n      <span class=\"descriptor\">Full-text links:</span>\n      <h2>Access Paper:</h2>\n      <ul>\n  <div id=\"download-button-info\" hidden>\nView a PDF of the paper titled A Novel Zero-Trust Identity Framework for Agentic AI: Decentralized Authentication and Fine-Grained Access Control, by Ken Huang and 8 other authors</div><li><a href=\"/pdf/2505.19301\" aria-describedby=\"download-button-info\" accesskey=\"f\" class=\"abs-button download-pdf\">View PDF</a></li><li><a href=\"https://arxiv.org/html/2505.19301v2\" 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